What is Typography?

When I started learning about calligraphy, I came across the term  'Typography'.

And I started searching more about it through Internet and books.
The word " Typography" in English comes from the Greek roots typos(impression) and graphia (writing).

Typography is the art  and technique of arranging letters and text in a way that makes the copy(written language) legible, clear, readable and visually appealing to the reader.

Typography expresses hierarchy and brand presence.

Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information.

Typography the reader can comprehend and understand , is based on certain fundamental principles. This title discusses the typographic elements, the micro aesthetic qualities of letters, numbers and punctuation marks, lines and geometric elements and their diverse applications.

Type is all around us, in everything we read, from product packaging in the grocery store to television commercials, from greeting cards, books and magazines to movie credits and storefront signs. Type and printed matter communicate not only information to us but also influence decisions we make on a daily basis. Whether  we realize it or not, type and the way it appears affects which CD or book cover catches our eye, which detergent might make the whites whiter, and which movie might be the scariest or most romantic. Much of this process process goes on unconsciously, which is why the art and craft of typography is so invisible to the average person. But its unseen nature by no means diminishes the importance and influence type has on the quality and substance of our daily lives.

Typography is the work of typesetters(compositors), typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, and now, anyone who arranges words, letters, numbers and symbols for publication, display or distribution from clerical workers and newsletter writers to anyone self-publishing materials. 

Until Digital age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of previously unrelated designers and lay users.

- Rupali Thombare